This manual provides service and reference information for IBM ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, and T23 notebook computers. It describes the product-specific service procedures, troubleshooting information, and product component replacement procedures. The manual is intended for trained service technicians who are familiar with ThinkPad products. Safety notices and instructions are included to ensure safe servicing of the devices.
1. IBM Mobile Systems
ThinkPad Computer
Hardware Maintenance Manual
April 2002
This manual supports:
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23
(MT 2647/2648)
ThinkPad Dock (MT 2631)
8. Important service information
Strategy for replacing a hard-disk drive
Always try to run a low-level format before replacing a
hard-disk drive.
Attention: The drive startup sequence in the computer
you are servicing may have been changed. Be extremely
careful during write operations such as copying, saving, or
formatting. If you select an incorrect drive, data or
programs can be overwritten.
How to use error messages
Use the error codes displayed on the screen to diagnose
failures. If more than one error code is displayed, begin the
diagnosis with the first error code. Whatever causes the
first error code may also cause false error codes. If no
error code is displayed, see if the error symptom is listed
in the Symptom-to-FRU Index for the computer you are
servicing.
Diskette compatibility matrix
The compatibility of each of the drives with the diskettes
for it is as follows:
Diskette Diskette Compatibility
drive capacity
3.5-inch 1.0 MB Read and write
2.0 MB Read and write
4.0 MB Not compatible
2 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
9. Safety notices
Safety notices: multilingual translations
In this manual, safety notices appear in English with a
page number reference to the appropriate multilingual,
translated safety notice found in this section.
The following safety notices are provided in English,
French, German, Italian, and Spanish.
Safety notice 1
Before the computer is powered-on after FRU
replacement, make sure all screws, springs, and other
small parts are in place and are not left loose inside
the computer. Verify this by shaking the computer and
listening for rattling sounds. Metallic parts or metal
flakes can cause electrical shorts.
Avant de remettre l’ordinateur sous tension après
remplacement d’une unité en clientèle, vérifiez que
tous les ressorts, vis et autres pièces sont bien en
place et bien fixées. Pour ce faire, secouez l’unité et
assurez-vous qu’aucun bruit suspect ne se produit. Des
pièces métalliques ou des copeaux de métal pourraient
causer un court-circuit.
Bevor nach einem FRU-Austausch der Computer
wieder angeschlossen wird, muß sichergestellt werden,
daß keine Schrauben, Federn oder andere Kleinteile
fehlen oder im Gehäuse vergessen wurden. Der
Computer muß geschüttelt und auf Klappergeräusche
geprüft werden. Metallteile oder-splitter können
Kurzschlüsse erzeugen.
Prima di accendere l’elaboratore dopo che é stata
effettuata la sostituzione di una FRU, accertarsi che
tutte le viti, le molle e tutte le altri parti di piccole
dimensioni siano nella corretta posizione e non siano
sparse all’interno dell’elaboratore. Verificare ciò
scuotendo l’elaboratore e prestando attenzione ad
eventuali rumori; eventuali parti o pezzetti metallici
possono provocare cortocircuiti pericolosi.
Antes de encender el sistema despues de sustituir una
FRU, compruebe que todos los tornillos, muelles y
demás piezas pequeñas se encuentran en su sitio y no
se encuentran sueltas dentro del sistema.
Compruébelo agitando el sistema y escuchando los
posibles ruidos que provocarían. Las piezas metálicas
pueden causar cortocircuitos eléctricos.
Introduction 3
10. Safety notices
Safety notice 2
DANGER
Some standby batteries contain a small amount of
nickel and cadmium. Do not disassemble a standby
battery, recharge it, throw it into fire or water, or
short-circuit it. Dispose of the battery as required
by local ordinances or regulations. Use only the
battery in the appropriate parts listing. Use of an
incorrect battery can result in ignition or explosion
of the battery.
Certaines batteries de secours contiennent du
nickel et du cadmium. Ne les démontez pas, ne les
rechargez pas, ne les exposez ni au feu ni à l’eau.
Ne les mettez pas en court-circuit. Pour les mettre
au rebut, conformez-vous à la réglementation en
vigueur. Lorsque vous remplacez la pile de
sauvegarde ou celle de l’horloge temps réel, veillez
à n’utiliser que les modèles cités dans la liste de
pièces détachées adéquate. Une batterie ou une
pile inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou
d’exploser.
Die Bereitschaftsbatterie, die sich unter dem
Diskettenlaufwerk befindet, kann geringe Mengen
Nickel und Cadmium enthalten. Sie darf nur durch
die Verkaufsstelle oder den IBM Kundendienst
ausgetauscht werden. Sie darf nicht zerlegt,
wiederaufgeladen, kurzgeschlossen, oder Feuer
oder Wasser ausgesetzt werden. Die Batterie kann
schwere Verbrennungen oder Verätzungen
verursachen. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim
Ersetzen der Bereitschafts-oder Systembatterie nur
Batterien des Typs verwenden, der in der
Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist. Der Einsatz falscher
Batterien kann zu Entzündung oder Explosion
führen.
(continued)
4 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
11. Safety notices
(continuation of safety notice 2)
Alcune batterie di riserva contengono una piccola
quantità di nichel e cadmio. Non smontarle,
ricaricarle, gettarle nel fuoco o nell’acqua né
cortocircuitarle. Smaltirle secondo la normativa in
vigore (DPR 915/82, successive disposizioni e
disposizioni locali). Quando si sostituisce la
batteria dell’RTC (real time clock) o la batteria di
supporto, utilizzare soltanto i tipi inseriti
nell’appropriato Catalogo parti. L’impiego di una
batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio
o l’esplosione della batteria stessa.
Algunas baterías de reserva contienen una
pequeña cantidad de níquel y cadmio. No las
desmonte, ni recargue, ni las eche al fuego o al
agua ni las cortocircuite. Deséchelas tal como
dispone la normativa local. Utilice sólo baterías que
se encuentren en la lista de piezas. La utilización
de una batería no apropiada puede provocar la
ignición o explosión de la misma.
Introduction 5
12. Safety notices
Safety notice 3
DANGER
The battery pack contains small amounts of nickel.
Do not disassemble it, throw it into fire or water, or
short-circuit it. Dispose of the battery pack as
required by local ordinances or regulations. Use
only the battery in the appropriate parts listing
when replacing the battery pack. Use of an
incorrect battery can result in ignition or explosion
of the battery.
La batterie contient du nickel. Ne la démontez pas,
ne l’exposez ni au feu ni à l’eau. Ne la mettez pas
en court-circuit. Pour la mettre au rebut,
conformez-vous à la réglementation en vigueur.
Lorsque vous remplacez la batterie, veillez à
n’utiliser que les modèles cités dans la liste de
pièces détachées adéquate. En effet, une batterie
inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou d’exploser.
Akkus enthalten geringe Mengen von Nickel. Sie
dürfen nicht zerlegt, wiederaufgeladen,
kurzgeschlossen, oder Feuer oder Wasser
ausgesetzt werden. Bei der Entsorgung die
örtlichen Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten.
Beim Ersetzen der Batterie nur Batterien des Typs
verwenden, der in der Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist.
Der Einsatz falscher Batterien kann zu Entzündung
oder Explosion führen.
La batteria contiene piccole quantità di nichel. Non
smontarla, gettarla nel fuoco o nell’acqua né
cortocircuitarla. Smaltirla secondo la normativa in
vigore (DPR 915/82, successive disposizioni e
disposizioni locali). Quando si sostituisce la
batteria, utilizzare soltanto i tipi inseriti
nell’appropriato Catalogo parti. L’impiego di una
batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio
o l’esplosione della batteria stessa.
(continued)
6 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
13. Safety notices
(continuation of safety notice 3)
Las baterías contienen pequeñas cantidades de
níquel. No las desmonte, ni recargue, ni las eche al
fuego o al agua ni las cortocircuite. Deséchelas tal
como dispone la normativa local. Utilice sólo
baterías que se encuentren en la lista de piezas al
sustituir la batería. La utilización de una batería no
apropiada puede provocar la ignición o explosión
de la misma.
Safety notice 4
DANGER
The lithium battery can cause a fire, an explosion,
or a severe burn. Do not recharge it, remove its
polarized connector, disassemble it, heat it above
100°C (212°F), incinerate it, or expose its cell
contents to water. Dispose of the battery as
required by local ordinances or regulations. Use
only the battery in the appropriate parts listing. Use
of an incorrect battery can result in ignition or
explosion of the battery.
La pile de sauvegarde contient du lithium. Elle
présente des risques d’incendie, d’explosion ou de
brûlures graves. Ne la rechargez pas, ne retirez pas
son connecteur polarisé et ne la démontez pas. Ne
l’exposez pas à une temperature supérieure à
100°C, ne la faites pas brûler et n’en exposez pas
le contenu à l’eau. Mettez la pile au rebut
conformément à la réglementation en vigueur. Une
pile inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou
d’exploser.
(continued)
Introduction 7
14. Safety notices
(continuation of safety notice 4)
Die Systembatterie ist eine Lithiumbatterie. Sie
kann sich entzünden, explodieren oder schwere
Verbrennungen hervorrufen. Batterien dieses Typs
dürfen nicht aufgeladen, zerlegt, über 100 C erhitzt
oder verbrannt werden. Auch darf ihr Inhalt nicht
mit Wasser in Verbindung gebracht oder der zur
richtigen Polung angebrachte Verbindungsstecker
entfernt werden. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim
Ersetzen der Batterie nur Batterien des Typs
verwenden, der in der Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist.
Der Einsatz falscher Batterien kann zu Entzündung
oder Explosion führen.
La batteria di supporto e una batteria al litio e puo
incendiarsi, esplodere o procurare gravi ustioni.
Evitare di ricaricarla, smontarne il connettore
polarizzato, smontarla, riscaldarla ad una
temperatura superiore ai 100 gradi centigradi,
incendiarla o gettarla in acqua. Smaltirla secondo
la normativa in vigore (DPR 915/82, successive
disposizioni e disposizioni locali). L’impiego di una
batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio
o l’esplosione della batteria stessa.
La batería de repuesto es una batería de litio y
puede provocar incendios, explosiones o
quemaduras graves. No la recargue, ni quite el
conector polarizado, ni la desmonte, ni caliente por
encima de los 100°C (212°F), ni la incinere ni
exponga el contenido de sus celdas al agua.
Deséchela tal como dispone la normativa local.
8 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
15. Safety notices
Safety notice 5
If the LCD breaks and the fluid from inside the LCD
gets into your eyes or on your hands, immediately
wash the affected areas with water for at least 15
minutes. Seek medical care if any symptoms from the
fluid are present after washing.
Si le panneau d’affichage à cristaux liquides se brise et
que vous recevez dans les yeux ou sur les mains une
partie du fluide, rincez-les abondamment pendant au
moins quinze minutes. Consultez un médecin si des
symptômes persistent après le lavage.
Die Leuchtstoffröhre im LCD-Bildschirm enthält
Quecksilber. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Der
LCD-Bildschirm besteht aus Glas und kann zerbrechen,
wenn er unsachgemäß behandelt wird oder der
Computer auf den Boden fällt. Wenn der Bildschirm
beschädigt ist und die darin befindliche Flüssigkeit in
Kontakt mit Haut und Augen gerät, sollten die
betroffenen Stellen mindestens 15 Minuten mit Wasser
abgespült und bei Beschwerden anschließend ein Arzt
aufgesucht werden.
Nel caso che caso l’LCD si dovesse rompere ed il
liquido in esso contenuto entrasse in contatto con gli
occhi o le mani, lavare immediatamente le parti
interessate con acqua corrente per almeno 15 minuti;
poi consultare un medico se i sintomi dovessero
permanere.
Si la LCD se rompe y el fluido de su interior entra en
contacto con sus ojos o sus manos, lave
inmediatamente las áreas afectadas con agua durante
15 minutos como mínimo. Obtenga atención medica si
se presenta algún síntoma del fluido despues de
lavarse.
Introduction 9
16. Safety notices
Safety notice 6
DANGER
To avoid shock, do not remove the plastic cover
that protects the lower part of the inverter card.
Afin d’éviter tout risque de choc électrique, ne
retirez pas le cache en plastique protégeant la
partie inférieure de la carte d’alimentation.
Aus Sicherheitsgründen die Kunststoffabdeckung,
die den unteren Teil der Spannungswandlerplatine
umgibt, nicht entfernen.
Per evitare scosse elettriche, non rimuovere la
copertura in plastica che avvolge la parte inferiore
della scheda invertitore.
Para evitar descargas, no quite la cubierta de
plástico que rodea la parte baja de la tarjeta
invertida.
10 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
17. Safety notices
Safety notice 7
DANGER
Though the main batteries have low voltage, a
shorted or grounded battery can produce enough
current to burn personnel or combustible materials.
Bien que le voltage des batteries principales soit
peu élevé, le court-circuit ou la mise à la masse
d’une batterie peut produire suffisamment de
courant pour brûler des matériaux combustibles ou
causer des brûlures corporelles graves.
Obwohl Hauptbatterien eine niedrige Spannung
haben, können sie doch bei Kurzschluß oder
Erdung genug Strom abgeben, um brennbare
Materialien zu entzünden oder Verletzungen bei
Personen hervorzurufen.
Sebbene le batterie di alimentazione siano a basso
voltaggio, una batteria in corto circuito o a massa
può fornire corrente sufficiente da bruciare
materiali combustibili o provocare ustioni ai tecnici
di manutenzione.
Aunque las baterías principales tienen un voltaje
bajo, una batería cortocircuitada o con contacto a
tierra puede producir la corriente suficiente como
para quemar material combustible o provocar
quemaduras en el personal.
Introduction 11
18. Safety notices
Safety notice 8
DANGER
Before removing any FRU, power off the computer,
unplug all power cords from electrical outlets,
remove the battery pack, and then disconnect any
interconnecting cables.
Avant de retirer une unité remplaçable en clientèle,
mettez le système hors tension, débranchez tous
les cordons d’alimentation des socles de prise de
courant, retirez la batterie et déconnectez tous les
cordons d’interface.
Die Stromzufuhr muß abgeschaltet, alle Stromkabel
aus der Steckdose gezogen, der Akku entfernt und
alle Verbindungskabel abgenommen sein, bevor
eine FRU entfernt wird.
Prima di rimuovere qualsiasi FRU, spegnere il
sistema, scollegare dalle prese elettriche tutti i cavi
di alimentazione, rimuovere la batteria e poi
scollegare i cavi di interconnessione.
Antes de quitar una FRU, apague el sistema,
desenchufe todos los cables de las tomas de
corriente eléctrica, quite la batería y, a
continuación, desconecte cualquier cable de
conexión entre dispositivos.
12 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
19. Safety information
Safety information
The following section presents the safety information that
you need to be familiar with before servicing an IBM
mobile computer.
General safety
Follow these rules to ensure general safety:
v Observe good housekeeping in the area of the
machines during and after maintenance.
v When lifting any heavy object:
1. Ensure you can stand safely without slipping.
2. Distribute the weight of the object equally between
your feet.
3. Use a slow lifting force. Never move suddenly or
twist when you attempt to lift.
4. Lift by standing or by pushing up with your leg
muscles; this action removes the strain from the
muscles in your back. Do not attempt to lift any
object that weighs more than 16 kg (35 lb) or objects
that you think are too heavy for you.
v Do not perform any action that causes hazards to the
customer, or that makes the equipment unsafe.
v Before you start the machine, ensure that other service
representatives and the customer’s personnel are not in
a hazardous position.
v Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place,
away from all personnel, while you are servicing the
machine.
v Keep your toolcase away from walk areas so that other
people will not trip over it.
v Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the
moving parts of a machine. Make sure that your sleeves
are fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair
is long, fasten it.
v Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or
fasten it with a nonconductive clip, approximately 8
centimeters (3 inches) from the end.
v Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or
metal fasteners for your clothing.
Attention: Metal objects are good electrical
conductors.
v Wear safety glasses when you are hammering, drilling,
soldering, cutting wire, attaching springs, using solvents,
or working in any other conditions that might be
hazardous to your eyes.
Introduction 13
20. Safety information
v After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels,
and ground wires. Replace any safety device that is
worn or defective.
v Reinstall all covers correctly before returning the
machine to the customer.
Electrical safety
Observe the following rules when working on electrical
equipment.
Important
Use only approved tools and test equipment. Some
hand tools have handles covered with a soft
material that does not insulate you when working
with live electrical currents.
Many customers have, near their equipment, rubber
floor mats that contain small conductive fibers to
decrease electrostatic discharges. Do not use this
type of mat to protect yourself from electrical shock.
v Find the room emergency power-off (EPO) switch,
disconnecting switch, or electrical outlet. If an electrical
accident occurs, you can then operate the switch or
unplug the power cord quickly.
v Do not work alone under hazardous conditions or near
equipment that has hazardous voltages.
v Disconnect all power before:
– Performing a mechanical inspection
– Working near power supplies
– Removing or installing main units
v Before you start to work on the machine, unplug the
power cord. If you cannot unplug it, ask the customer to
power-off the wall box that supplies power to the
machine and to lock the wall box in the off position.
v If you need to work on a machine that has exposed
electrical circuits, observe the following precautions:
– Ensure that another person, familiar with the
power-off controls, is near you.
Attention: Another person must be there to switch
off the power, if necessary.
– Use only one hand when working with powered-on
electrical equipment; keep the other hand in your
pocket or behind your back.
Attention: An electrical shock can occur only when
there is a complete circuit. By observing the above
rule, you may prevent a current from passing through
your body.
14 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
21. Safety information
– When using testers, set the controls correctly and
use the approved probe leads and accessories for
that tester.
– Stand on suitable rubber mats (obtained locally, if
necessary) to insulate you from grounds such as
metal floor strips and machine frames.
Observe the special safety precautions when you work
with very high voltages; these instructions are in the
safety sections of maintenance information. Use
extreme care when measuring high voltages.
v Regularly inspect and maintain your electrical hand tools
for safe operational condition.
v Do not use worn or broken tools and testers.
v Never assume that power has been disconnected from
a circuit. First, check that it has been powered off.
v Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work
area. Examples of these hazards are moist floors,
nongrounded power extension cables, power surges,
and missing safety grounds.
v Do not touch live electrical circuits with the reflective
surface of a plastic dental mirror. The surface is
conductive; such touching can cause personal injury and
machine damage.
v Do not service the following parts with the power on
when they are removed from their normal operating
places in a machine:
– Power supply units
– Pumps
– Blowers and fans
– Motor generators
and similar units. (This practice ensures correct
grounding of the units.)
v If an electrical accident occurs:
– Use caution; do not become a victim yourself.
– Switch off power.
– Send another person to get medical aid.
Safety inspection guide
The purpose of this inspection guide is to assist you in
identifying potentially unsafe conditions. As each machine
was designed and built, required safety items were
installed to protect users and service personnel from injury.
This guide addresses only those items. You should use
good judgment to identify potential safety hazards due to
attachment of non-IBM features or options not covered by
this inspection guide.
Introduction 15
22. Safety information
If any unsafe conditions are present, you must determine
how serious the apparent hazard could be and whether
you can continue without first correcting the problem.
Consider these conditions and the safety hazards they
present:
v Electrical hazards, especially primary power (primary
voltage on the frame can cause serious or fatal
electrical shock)
v Explosive hazards, such as a damaged CRT face or a
bulging capacitor
v Mechanical hazards, such as loose or missing hardware
To determine whether there are any potentially unsafe
conditions, use the following checklist at the beginning of
every service task. Begin the checks with the power off,
and the power cord disconnected.
Checklist:
1. Check exterior covers for damage (loose, broken, or
sharp edges).
2. Power-off the computer. Disconnect the power cord.
3. Check the power cord for:
a. A third-wire ground connector in good condition.
Use a meter to measure third-wire ground
continuity for 0.1 ohm or less between the external
ground pin and frame ground.
b. The power cord should be the type specified in the
parts list.
c. Insulation must not be frayed or worn.
4. Remove the cover.
5. Check for any obvious non-IBM alterations. Use good
judgment as to the safety of any non-IBM alterations.
6. Check inside the unit for any obvious unsafe
conditions, such as metal filings, contamination, water
or other liquids, or signs of fire or smoke damage.
7. Check for worn, frayed, or pinched cables.
8. Check that the power-supply cover fasteners (screws
or rivets) have not been removed or tampered with.
Handling devices that are sensitive to
electorostatic discharge
Any computer part containing transistors or integrated
circuits (ICs) should be considered sensitive to electrostatic
discharge (ESD.) ESD damage can occur when there is a
difference in charge between objects. Protect against ESD
16 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
23. Safety information
damage by equalizing the charge so that the machine, the
part, the work mat, and the person handling the part are all
at the same charge.
Notes
1. Use product-specific ESD procedures when they
exceed the requirements noted here.
2. Make sure that the ESD protective devices you
use have been certified (ISO 9000) as fully
effective.
When handling ESD-sensitive parts:
v Keep the parts in protective packages until they are
inserted into the product.
v Avoid contact with other people.
v Wear a grounded wrist strap against your skin to
eliminate static on your body.
v Prevent the part from touching your clothing. Most
clothing is insulative and retains a charge even when
you are wearing a wrist strap.
v Use the black side of a grounded work mat to provide a
static-free work surface. The mat is especially useful
when handling ESD-sensitive devices.
v Select a grounding system, such as those listed below,
to provide protection that meets the specific service
requirement.
Note
The use of a grounding system is desirable but
not required to protect against ESD damage.
– Attach the ESD ground clip to any frame ground,
ground braid, or green-wire ground.
– Use an ESD common ground or reference point
when working on a double-insulated or
battery-operated system. You can use coax or
connector-outside shells on these systems.
– Use the round ground-prong of the AC plug on
AC-operated computers.
Grounding requirements
Electrical grounding of the computer is required for
operator safety and correct system function. Proper
grounding of the electrical outlet can be verified by a
certified electrician.
Introduction 17
24. Laser compliance statement
Laser compliance statement
Some IBM Personal Computer models are equipped from
the factory with an optical storage device such as a
CD-ROM drive or a DVD-ROM drive. They are also sold
separately as options. The drive is certified in the U.S. to
conform to the requirements of the Department of Health
and Human Services 21 Code of Federal Regulations
(DHHS 21 CFR) Subchapter J for Class 1 laser products.
Elsewhere, the drive is certified to conform to the
requirements of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) 825 and CENELEC EN 60 825 for
Class 1 laser products.
18 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
25. Laser compliance statement
When a CD-ROM drive, DVD drive or the other laser
product is installed, note the following:
CAUTION:
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of
procedures other than those specified herein might
result in hazardous radiation exposure.
O uso de controles, ajustes ou desempenho de
procedimentos diferentes daqueles aqui
especificados pode resultar em perigosa exposição
à radiação.
Pour éviter tout risque d’exposition au rayon laser,
respectez les consignes de réglage et d’utilisation
des commandes, ainsi que les procédures décrites.
Werden Steuer- und Einstellelemente anders als
hier festgesetzt verwendet, kann gefährliche
Laserstrahlung auftreten.
L’utilizzo di controlli, regolazioni o l’esecuzione di
procedure diverse da quelle specificate possono
provocare l’esposizione a.
El uso de controles o ajustes o la ejecución de
procedimientos distintos de los aquí especificados
puede provocar la exposición a radiaciones
peligrosas.
Opening the CD-ROM drive, DVD-ROM drive or the other
optical storage device could result in exposure to
hazardous laser radiation. There are no serviceable parts
inside those drives. Do not open.
Introduction 19
26. Laser compliance statement
Some CD-ROM drives, DVD-ROM drives, or other optical
storage devices contain an embedded Class 3A or Class
3B laser diode. Note the following:
DANGER
Emits visible and invisible laser radiation when
open. Do not stare into the beam, do not view
directly with optical instruments, and avoid direct
exposure to the beam.
Radiação por raio laser ao abrir. Não olhe fixo no
feixe de luz, não olhe diretamente por meio de
instrumentos óticos e evite exposição direta com o
feixe de luz.
Rayonnement laser si carter ouvert. Évitez de fixer
le faisceau, de le regarder directement avec des
instruments optiques, ou de vous exposer au
rayon.
Laserstrahlung bei geöffnetem Gerät. Nicht direkt
oder über optische Instrumente in den Laserstrahl
sehen und den Strahlungsbereich meiden.
Kinyitáskor lézersugár ! Ne nézzen bele se szabad
szemmel, se optikai eszközökkel. Kerülje a
sugárnyalábbal való érintkezést !.
Aprendo l’unità vengono emesse radiazioni laser.
Non fissare il fascio, non guardarlo direttamente
con strumenti ottici e evitare l’esposizione diretta al
fascio.
Radiación láser al abrir. No mire fijamente ni
examine con instrumental óptico el haz de luz.
Evite la exposición directa al haz.
20 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
28. Read this first
__ 4. Date of purchase
__ 5. Failure symptoms, error codes appearing on the
display, and beep symptoms
__ 6. Procedure index and page number in which the
failing FRU was detected
__ 7. Failing FRU name and part number
__ 8. Machine type, model number, and serial number
__ 9. Customer’s name and address
Note for warranty:
During the warranty period, the customer may be
responsible for repair costs if the computer damage was
caused by misuse, accident, modification, unsuitable
physical or operating environment, or improper
maintenance by the customer. The following list provides
some common items that are not covered under warranty
and some symptoms that might indicate that the system
was subjected to stress beyond normal use.
Before checking problems with the computer, determine
whether the damage is covered under the warranty by
referring to the following:
The following are not covered under warranty:
v LCD panel cracked from the application of excessive
force or from being dropped
v Scratched (cosmetic) parts
v Distortion, deformation, or discoloration of the cosmetic
parts
v Cracked or broken plastic parts, broken latches, broken
pins, or broken connectors caused by excessive force
v Damage caused by liquid spilled into the system
v Damage caused by the improper insertion of a PC Card
or the installation of an incompatible card
v Damage caused by foreign material in the diskette drive
v Diskette drive damage caused by pressure on the
diskette drive cover or by the insertion of a diskette with
multiple labels
v Damaged or bent diskette eject button
v Fuses blown by attachment of a nonsupported device
v Forgotten computer password (making the computer
unusable)
v Sticky keys caused by spilling a liquid onto the keyboard
The following symptoms might indicate damage
caused by nonwarranted activities:
v Missing parts might be a symptom of unauthorized
service or modification.
v If the spindle of a hard-disk drive becomes noisy, it may
have been subjected to excessive force, or dropped.
22 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
29. Related service information
Related service information
This section provides information about the following:
v “Service web site”
v “Restoring the preloaded system”
v “Passwords” on page 26
v “Power management” on page 28
Service web site
When the latest maintenance diskette and the system
program service diskette become available, a notice will be
posted on http://www.ibm.com/pc/partner/infotips
Restoring the preloaded system
If the data on a hard-disk drive is damaged or accidentally
erased, you can restore the software that was shipped with
the computer. This software includes the pre-installed
operating system, applications, and device drivers.
To restore the pre-installed software, you can use either
the Product Recovery program or a recovery CD.
Ordering the recovery CD
When the hard-disk drive is replaced because of a
failure, no Product Recovery program is on the new
hard disk. In this case, you must use the Product
Recovery CD for the computer. Order the recovery
CD and the hard-disk drive at the same time so that
you can recover the new hard-disk drive with the
pre-installed software when they arrive. For
information on which CD to order, see “Recovery
CDs” on page 161
The Product Recovery program is in the service partition, a
section of the hard-disk drive that is not displayed by
Windows Explorer.
Attention: All of the files on the primary hard-disk
partition (usually drive C) will be lost in the recovery
process. Be sure to back up copies of the files you have
saved on your drive C before you begin.
Creating a Recovery Repair diskette
If the operating system cannot boot normally, or if you
cannot get access to the Product Recovery program, you
can use the Recovery Repair diskette to boot the
computer. Make a Recovery Repair diskette and save it for
future use. To make a Recovery Repair diskette, do the
following:
1. Shut down and restart the computer.
General descriptions 23
30. Related service information
2. At the prompt, press F11. (The option to press F11
appears for only a few seconds. You must press F11
quickly.) The Product Recovery program main menu
opens.
Note: If you are prompted to select the operating
system, select one you want to recover. Then
the Product Recovery program main menu
opens.
3. Select System Utilities from the main menu. Press
Enter.
4. Select Create a Recovery Repair diskette. Press
Enter.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions.
6. When the process is completed, label the diskette
“Recovery Repair diskette” and save it for future use.
Product Recovery program
Note: The recovery process might take up to 2 hours.
To use the Product Recovery program to restore the
pre-installed software, do the following:
1. Save all files and shut down the desktop.
2. Turn off the computer.
3. Turn on the computer. If you are using Windows XP,
three messages (F1, F11, and F12) appear on the
screen for a few seconds. One of them is “Press F11
to invoke the IBM Product Recovery program”.
While the message is displayed, quickly press F11.
If you are using Windows 2000 or another operating
system, the startup screen is displayed first, and then
the message “To start the Product Recovery
program, press F11” at the top of the screen. Here
again it appears very briefly; watch for it, and press
F11 before it disappears.
Note: If this message is not displayed, you can use a
Recovery Repair diskette to get access to the
Product Recovery program. (For using a
Recovery Repair diskette, see “To use the
Recovery Repair diskette:” on page 26.)
4. From the list displayed on the screen, select the
operating system you want to recover.
5. Select the recovery options you want, and follow the
instructions on the screen.
6. When the Product Recovery program finishes running,
the computer will restart with the pre-installed operating
system, drivers, and software.
24 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
31. Related service information
Note: Network drivers are not automatically restored
with Windows NT 4.0; you will need to reinstall
them.
Note: If you use Windows 2000 or Windows 98,
restart the system by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del or
by turning the computer off and then on again.
The computer will restart with the pre-installed
operating system, drivers, and software.
Using the recovery CD
To create the service partition and install the preloaded
system from the recovery CD, do the following:
To create the service partition:
1. Erase all partitions on the hard-disk drive, using FDISK
or a similar application.
2. Boot with the recovery CD (and the boot diskette if
required.)
3. Following message is displayed: “Your computer
originally included a Product Recovery program ...
Reinstall the Product Recovery program? (Y/N) [ ]”.
Note: If the hard-disk drive contains any partitions, you
do not receive this message; go to step 1.
4. Press Y key. The service partition is created and
loaded with the Product Recovery program files.
Note: If you do not want to create the service partition,
press N key, and then go to step 8.
5. At next window, press Enter to continue.
v The service partition is created. The system
automatically reboots during this process.
v The recovery process copies some files to the
service partition, and PKUNZIPs others.
v Follow the prompts. You may be prompted to
change CDs.
v When the process is complete, the system reboots.
Continue to step 6 to install preloaded system.
Install preloaded system from CD:
6. Boot with the recovery CD (and the boot diskette if
required.)
7. If the hard-disk drive is blank, the following message
is displayed: “Your computer originally included a
Product Recovery program ... Reinstall the
Product Recovery program? (Y/N) [ ]”.
v To install the service partition, go to step 4.
General descriptions 25
32. Related service information
v To preload the hard-disk drive without installing the
service partition, press N key.
8. If you get a message asking which operating system
to install, select the proper operating system and
press Enter.
9. A message is displayed: “Full Recovery:”. Press
Enter to select.
10. On each of the next three windows, press the Y key.
11. Follow the prompts to complete the recovery.
To use the Recovery Repair diskette:
1. Shut down and turn off the computer.
2. Insert the Recovery Repair diskette into the drive, and
then turn on the computer.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions.
Passwords
As many as three passwords may be needed for any
ThinkPad computer: the power-on password (POP), the
hard-disk password (HDP), and the supervisor password
(SVP).
If any of these passwords has been set, a prompt for it
appears on the screen whenever the computer is turned
on. The computer does not start until the password is
entered.
Exception: If only an SVP is installed, the password
prompt does not appear when the operating
system is booted.
Power-on password:
A power-on password (POP) protects the system from
being powered on by an unauthorized person. The
password must be entered before an operating system can
be booted.
Hard-disk password:
There are two hard-disk passwords (HDPs):
v User HDP—for the user
v Master HDP—for the system administrator, who can use
it to get access to the hard disk even if the user has
changed the user HDP
Note: There are two modes for the HDP: User only and
Master + User. The Master + User mode requires
two HDPs; the system administrator enters both in
the same operation. The system administrator then
provides the user HDP to the system user.
26 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
33. Related service information
Attention: If the user HDP has been forgotten, check
whether a master HDP has been set. If it has, it can be
used for access to the hard-disk drive. If no master HDP is
available, IBM does not provide any services to reset
either the user or the master HDP, or to recover data from
the hard-disk drive. The hard-disk drive can be replaced
for a scheduled fee.
Supervisor password:
A supervisor password (SVP) protects the system
information stored in the IBM BIOS Setup Utility. The SVP
must be entered in order to get access to the IBM BIOS
Setup Utility and make changes to system configuration
settings.
Attention: If the SVP has been forgotten and cannot be
made available to the servicer, there is no service
procedure to reset the password. The system board must
be replaced for a scheduled fee.
How to remove the power-on password
To remove a POP that you have forgotten, do the
following:
(A) If no SVP has been set:
1. Turn off the computer.
2. Remove the battery pack.
For how to remove the battery pack, see “1010 Battery
pack” on page 60.
3. Remove the backup battery.
For how to remove the backup battery, see “1020
Backup battery” on page 61.
4. Turn on the computer and wait until the POST ends.
After the POST ends, the password prompt does not
appear. The POP has been removed.
5. Reinstall the backup battery and the battery pack.
(B) If an SVP has been set and is known by the servicer:
1. Turn on the computer by pressing and holding F1.
2. Enter the SVP. The IBM BIOS Setup Utility menu
appears.
3. Select Password, using the cursor keys to move down
the menu.
4. Select Power-On Password.
5. At the Enter Current Password field, enter the SVP.
6. When the Enter New Password field opens, leave it
blank and press Enter twice.
7. In the Changes have been saved window, press Enter.
General descriptions 27
34. Related service information
8. Press F10; then, in the Setup confirmation window,
select Yes .
How to remove the hard-disk password
Attention: If User only mode is selected and the user
HDP has been forgotten and cannot be made available to
the servicer, IBM does not provide any services to reset
the user HDPs or to recover data from the hard-disk drive.
The hard-disk drive can be replaced for a scheduled fee.
To remove a user HDP that has been forgotten, when the
SVP and the master HDP are known, do the following:
1. Power on the computer by pressing and holding F1.
2. Enter the SVP. The IBM BIOS Setup Utility menu
appears.
3. Select Password, using the cursor keys to move down
the menu.
4. Select Hard-disk x password, where x is the letter of
the hard-disk drive. A pop-up window opens.
5. Select Master HDP.
6. Enter the master HDP; then leave the New Password
field blank and press Enter twice.
7. Press F10.
8. Select Yes in the Setup Configuration window.
Both user HDP and master HDP will have been
removed.
Power management
To reduce power consumption, the computer has three
power management modes: screen blank, standby, and
hibernation.
Notes
v Screen blank mode is called standby mode in
Windows 95 and Windows NT.
v Standby mode is called suspend mode in
Windows 95 and Windows NT.
Screen blank mode
Screen blank mode has three variants, as follows:
1. If you press Fn+F3, or the time set on the “LCD off
timer” in IBM BIOS Setup Utility expires,
v The LCD backlight turns off.
v The hard-disk drive motor stops.
v The speaker is muted.
2. If you are using the ACPI operating system and you
press Fn+F3,
v The LCD backlight turns off.
28 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
35. Related service information
v The hard-disk drive motor stops.
3. If the time set on the “Turn off monitor” timer in the
operating system expires,
v The LCD backlight turns off.
To end screen blank mode and resume normal operation,
press any key.
Standby mode
When the computer enters standby mode, the following
events occur in addition to what occurs in screen blank
mode:
v The LCD is powered off.
v The hard-disk drive is powered off.
v The CPU stops.
To enter standby mode, press Fn+F4.
Note: You can change the action of Fn+F4, if you are
using the ACPI operating system.
In certain circumstances, the computer goes into standby
mode automatically:
v If a “suspend time” has been set on the timer, and the
user does not do any operation with the keyboard, the
TrackPoint, the hard disk, the parallel connector, or the
diskette drive within that time.
v If the battery indicator blinks orange, indicating that the
battery power is low. (Alternatively, if Hibernate when
battery becomes low has been selected in the “Power
Management Properties” window, the computer goes
into hibernation mode.)
Note for the APM operating system:
Even if you do not set the low-battery alarm, the charge
indicator notifies you when the battery is low, and then the
computer enters the power-saving mode automatically.
This default low-battery behavior is independent of the
operating system; so if you have set the low-battery alarm,
the computer may not do what you specified. It chooses
either your setting or the default setting, whichever is
appropriate.
If you are using the ACPI operating system, only the
low-battery alarm is available.
To cause the computer to return from standby mode and
resume operation, do one of the following:
v Press the Fn key.
v Open the LCD cover (only if you are using Windows Me
and you entered standby mode by closing the LCD
cover.)
General descriptions 29
36. Related service information
v Turn on the power switch.
Also, the computer automatically returns from standby
mode and resumes operation in either of the following
events:
v The ring indicator (RI) is signaled by a serial device or a
PC Card device (Windows 2000 does not support the
ring indicator (RI) resume by PC Card device.)
v The time set on the resume timer elapses. In Windows
98, the Scheduled Tasks setting takes priority over the
Resume on timer selection in the “Power Management
Properties” window.
Note: The computer does not accept any input
immediately after it enters standby mode. Wait a
few seconds before taking any action to reenter
operation mode.
Hibernation mode
Note for Windows NT
If you are using Windows NT in the default format,
NTFS, you cannot create a hibernation file. If you
want to use hibernation mode, you will need to
reinstall Windows NT with FAT format.
Note for OS/2
If you are using OS/2 in the default format, HPFS,
you cannot create a hibernation file. If you want to
use hibernation mode, you will need to reinstall
OS/2 with FAT format.
In hibernation mode, the following occurs:
v The system status, RAM, VRAM, and setup data are
stored on the hard disk.
v The system is powered off.
Note: If the computer enters the hibernation mode while it
is docked to the docking station, do not undock it
from the docking station before resuming normal
operation. If you do undock it and then try to
resume normal operation, you will get an error
message, and you will have to restart the system.
To cause the computer to enter hibernation mode, do any
of the following:
v Press the Fn+F12 keys.
v If you are using the APM operating system and have set
the mode to Power switch mode [Hibernation], turn
off the power switch.
30 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
37. Related service information
v If you are using the ACPI operating system and have
defined one of the following actions as the event that
causes the system to go into hibernation mode, perform
that action.
– Closing the lid.
– Pressing the power button.
– Pressing Fn+F4 keys.
Also, the computer goes into hibernation mode
automatically in either of the following conditions:
v If a “hibernation time” has been set on the timer, and the
user does not do any operation with the keyboard, the
TrackPoint, the hard-disk drive, the parallel connector, or
the diskette drive within that time.
v If the timer conditions are satisfied in suspend mode.
v If you are using the APM operating system and have set
the mode to Hibernate when battery becomes low,
and the battery charge becomes critically low.
When the power is turned on, the computer returns from
hibernation mode and resumes operation. The hibernation
file in the boot record on the hard-disk drive is read, and
system status is restored from the hard-disk drive.
General descriptions 31
38. Checkout guide
Checkout guide
Use the following procedures as a guide in identifying and
correcting problems with the ThinkPad computer.
Note: The diagnostic tests are intended to test only IBM
products. The use of non-IBM products, prototype
cards, or modified options can lead to false
indications of errors and invalid system responses.
1. Identify the failing symptoms in as much detail as
possible.
2. Verify the symptoms. Try to re-create the failure by
running the diagnostic test or by repeating the
operation.
Testing the computer
The ThinkPad computer has a test program called
PC-Doctor® DOS (hereafter called PC-Doctor.) You can
detect errors by running the diagnostics test included in
PC-Doctor. This section is an overview of the procedure.
For details that depend on model-unique functions, refer to
“Product overview” on page 41.
For some possible configurations of the computer,
PC-Doctor might not run correctly. To avoid this problem,
you need to initialize the computer setup by use of the IBM
BIOS Setup Utility before you run PC-Doctor. On the IBM
BIOS Setup Utility screen, press F9, Enter, F10, and then
Enter.
Note: When you initialize the computer configuration,
some devices are disabled, such as the serial port.
If you test one of these devices, you will need to
enable it by using PS2.EXE.
PC-Doctor cannot be used to test a device that is in the
docking station, even if the computer supports the docking
station. To test a USB device, connect it to the USB
connector of the computer. To test the Ultrabay 2000
device, install it in the Ultrabay 2000 slot of the computer.
To run the test, do as follows:
Note: In the following procedure, you can select an item
not only with the arrow keys, but also with the
TrackPoint. Instead of pressing Enter, click the left
button.
1. Insert the PC-Doctor disk into the diskette drive; then
power on the computer.
If the computer cannot be powered on, go to “Power
system checkout” on page 35, and check the power
sources.
32 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
39. Checkout guide
If an error code appears, go to “Symptom-to-FRU
index” on page 49.
On the first screen, select the model and press Enter.
Follow the instructions on the screen.
2. The main panel of PC-Doctor appears.
3. Select Diagnostics with the arrow keys, and press
Enter.
A pull-down menu appears. (Its exact form depends on
the model.)
The options on the test menu are as follows:
Diagnostics Interactive Tests
v Run Normal Test v Keyboard
v Run Quick Test v Video
v CPU/Coprocessor v Internal Speaker
v Systemboard v Mouse
v Video Adapter v Joystick Test
v Serial Ports v Diskette
v Parallel Ports v System Load
v Fixed Disks v CD-ROM/DVD Test
v Diskette Drives v Stereo Speaker
v Other Devices v 802.11 Wireless Radio
v ZIP Drive Test(*)
v LS-120/240 Drive
v Communication
v Wireless LAN(*)
v Memory Test – Full
v Memory Test – Quick
Notes:
v In the Keyboard test in Interactive Tests, the Fn key
is scanned only once. Each key should be held down
for at least 2 seconds; otherwise, it cannot be sensed.
v The sound card is not recognized in the Stereo
Speaker in the Interactive Tests. To test it, use the
audio device test in the Other Devices in
Diagnostics.
v Video Adapter test supports only the LCD display on
ThinkPad. Before running PC-Doctor DOS, detach the
external Monitor.
v To test ZIP Drive or LS-120/240 Drive, each media is
needed to be inserted before start testing.
v Wireless LAN test and 802.11 Wireless Radio Test is
only for some models. Some models do not have
them.
v To test Digital Signature Chip, the chip must be
enabled and initialized.
v When Legacy Floppy Drives is Enabled in the IBM
BIOS Setup Utility, Diskette Drives test is activated
even if no legacy diskette drive is attached to the
ThinkPad.
General descriptions 33
40. Checkout guide
Diagnostics I n t e r a c t i v e Te s t s Hardware Info Utility Quit F1=Help
Run Normal Test
Run Quick Test
CPU/Coprocessor
Systemboard
Video Adapter
Serial Ports
Parallel Ports
Fixed Disks
Diskette Drives
Other Devices
ZIP Drive
LS-120/240 Drive
Communication
Wireless LAN
Memory Test - Full
Memory Test - Quick
PC-DOCTOR 2.0 Copyright 2001 PC-Doctor, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Use the cursor keys and ESC to move in menus. Press ENTER to select.
4. Run the applicable function test.
5. Follow the instructions on the screen. If there is a
problem, PC-Doctor shows messages describing it.
6. To exit the test, select Quit — Exit Diag.
To cancel the test, press Esc.
Note: After executing PC-Doctor, check the system
time/date and reset them if needed.
Detecting system information with
PC-Doctor
PC-Doctor can detect the following system information:
Hardware Info
v System Configuration
v Memory Contents
v Physical Disk Drives
v Logical Disk Drives
v VGA Information
v IDE Drive Info
v PCI Information
v PNPISA Info
v SMBIOS Info
v VESA LCD Info
Utility
v Run External Tests
v Surface Scan Hard Disk
v Benchmark System
v DOS Shell
v Tech Support Form
v Battery Rundown
v View Test Log
v Print Log
v Save Log
v Full Erase Hard Drive
v Quick Erase Hard Drive
34 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
41. Checkout guide
Power system checkout
To verify a symptom, do the following:
1. Power off the computer.
2. Remove the battery pack.
3. Connect the ac adapter.
4. Check that power is supplied when you power on the
computer.
5. Power off the computer.
6. Disconnect the ac adapter and install the charged
battery pack.
7. Check that the battery pack supplies power when you
power on the computer.
If you suspect a power problem, see the appropriate one
of the following power supply checkouts:
v “Checking the ac adapter”
v “Checking operational charging” on page 36
v “Checking the battery pack” on page 36
v “Checking the backup battery” on page 37
Checking the ac adapter
You are here because the computer fails only when the ac
adapter is used:
v If the power problem occurs only when the port
replicator is used, replace the port replicator.
v If the power-on indicator does not turn on, check the
power cord of the ac adapter for correct continuity and
installation.
v If the computer does not charge during operation, go to
“Checking operational charging”.
To check the ac adapter, do the following:
1. Unplug the ac adapter cable from the computer.
2. Measure the output voltage at the plug of the ac
adapter cable. See the following figure:
Pin Voltage (V dc)
1 +15.5 to +17.0
2
2 Ground
1
(16 - 10 V)
3. If the voltage is not correct, replace the ac adapter.
4. If the voltage is acceptable, do the following:
v Replace the system board.
v If the problem persists, go to “Product overview” on
page 41.
Note: Noise from the ac adapter does not always indicate
a defect.
General descriptions 35
42. Checkout guide
Checking operational charging
To check whether the battery charges properly during
operation, use a discharged battery pack or a battery pack
that has less than 50% of the total power remaining when
installed in the computer.
Perform operational charging. If the battery status indicator
or icon does not turn on, remove the battery pack and let it
return to room temperature. Reinstall the battery pack. If
the charge indicator or icon still does not turn on, replace
the battery pack.
If the charge indicator still does not turn on, replace the
system board. Then reinstall the battery pack. If it is still
not charged, go to the next section.
Checking the battery pack
Battery charging does not start until the Power Meter
shows that less than 95% of the total power remains;
under this condition the battery pack can charge to 100%
of its capacity. This protects the battery pack from being
overcharged or from having a shortened life.
To check the status of your battery, move your cursor to
the Power Meter icon in the icon tray of the Windows
taskbar and wait for a moment (but do not click), and the
percentage of battery power remaining is displayed. To get
detailed information about the battery, double-click the
Power Meter icon.
Note: If the battery pack becomes hot, it may not be able
to charge. Remove it from the computer and leave it
at room temperature for a while. After it cools down,
reinstall and recharge it.
To check the battery pack, do the following:
1. Power off the computer.
2. Remove the battery pack and measure the voltage
between battery terminals 1 (+) and 5 (−). See the
following figure:
Terminal Voltage (V dc)
1 +0 to +12.6
1(+)
2 5 Ground (−)
3
5(-) 4
3. If the voltage is less than +11.0 V dc, the battery pack
has been discharged.
36 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
43. Checkout guide
Note: Recharging will take at least 3 hours, even if the
indicator does not turn on.
If the voltage is still less than +11.0 V dc after
recharging, replace the battery.
4. If the voltage is more than +11.0 V dc, measure the
resistance between battery terminals 4 and 5. The
resistance must be 4 to 30 K .
If the resistance is not correct, replace the battery
pack. If the resistance is correct, replace the system
board.
Checking the backup battery
Do the following:
1. Power off the computer, and unplug the ac adapter
from it.
2. Turn the computer upside down.
3. Remove the battery pack (see “1010 Battery pack” on
page 60.)
4. Remove the backup battery (see “Checking the battery
pack” on page 36.)
5. Measure the voltage of the backup battery. See the
following figure.
Red (+)
Wire Voltage (V dc)
Red +2.5 to +3.2
Black Ground
Black (-)
v If the voltage is correct, replace the system board.
v If the voltage is not correct, replace the backup battery.
v If the backup battery discharges quickly after
replacement, replace the system board.
General descriptions 37
47. Product overview
Product overview
This section presents the following product-unique
information:
v “Specifications”
v “Status indicators” on page 44
v “FRU Tests” on page 46
v “Fn key combinations” on page 48
Specifications
The following table lists the specifications of the ThinkPad
T20, T21, T22 and T23 series :
Feature Description
Processor T20
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 650 MHz
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 700 MHz
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 750 MHz
T21
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 750 MHz
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 800 MHz
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 850 MHz
T22
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 800 MHz
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 900 MHz
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 1 GHz
T23
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 866
MHz-M
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 1.0
GHz-M
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 1.13
GHz-M
v Mobile Intel® Pentium® III processor 1.2
GHz-M
Bus PCI Bus
architecture
Memory T20, T21, T22
(standard) v 128 MB (PC100) (on the system board)
T23
v 128 MB (PC133) (on the system board)
v 256 MB (PC133) (on the system board)
(continued)
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22 and T23 series 41
48. Product overview
Feature Description
Memory T20, T21, T22
(optional) v 64 MB, 128 MB, or 256 MB DIMM card
(maximum of 512 MB)
T23
v 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, or 512 MB DIMM
card (maximum of 1024 MB)
CMOS RAM 242 bytes
Display T20
v 13.3-inch, 16M colors, XGA (1024×768
resolution) TFT color LCD
v 14.1-inch, 16M colors, XGA (1024×768
resolution) TFT color LCD
T21, T22, T23
v 13.3-inch, 16M colors, XGA (1024×768
resolution) TFT color LCD
v 14.1-inch, 16M colors, XGA (1024×768
resolution) TFT color LCD
v 14.1-inch, 16M colors, SXGA+ (1400×1050
resolution) TFT color LCD
Hard-disk drive T20
v 6.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 12.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 18.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 20.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
T21, T22
v 10.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 20.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 32.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
T23
v 15.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 20.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 30.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 40.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 48.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
v 60.0 GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
I/O port v External monitor
v Line-in
v Headphone
v Microphone
v Mouse or keyboard
v Parallel or diskette drive
v Port replicator connector
v Serial
v One universal serial bus (USB) connector for
T20, T21, and T22 series
v Two USB connectors for T23
v RJ11
v RJ45 (covered)
v TV-out
(continued)
42 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
49. Product overview
Feature Description
Internal 56.6 Kbps
modem
Audio v Internal microphone
v Internal speaker
v Software control volume
Infrared IrDA 1.1
transfer
802.11b (only Mini PCI Type-IIIa IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN
for T23 series) card
PC Card One Type-III or two Type-II
AC adapter 72-watt type
Bay device T20
v 1.44 MB (3-mode), 3.5-inch diskette drive
v 10-24x CD-ROM drive
v 6x DVD-ROM drive
T21, T22, T23
v 1.44 MB (3-mode), 3.5-inch diskette drive
v 10-24x CD-ROM drive
v 8x DVD-ROM drive
v CD-RW drive
v DVD/CD-RW combo drive
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22 and T23 series 43
50. Product overview
Status indicators
The system status indicators show the status of the
computer, as follows:
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
Indicator Meaning
1 Drive in use Green: Data is being read from or written
to the hard-disk drive, the diskette
drive, or the drive in the Ultrabay
2000. When this indicator is on, do
not put the computer into standby
mode or turn off the computer.
Note: Do not move the system while the
Green drive in use light is on. Sudden physical
shock could cause drive errors.
2 Num lock Green: The numeric keypad on the
keyboard is enabled. To enable or
disable the keypad, press and hold
the Fn key while pressing the
NumLk key.
3 Caps lock Green: Caps Lock mode is enabled. To
enable or disable Caps Lock
mode, press Fn + Caps Lock key.
(continued)
44 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
51. Product overview
Indicator Meaning
4 Scroll lock Green: Scroll Lock mode is enabled. Arrow
keys can be used as screen-scroll
function keys, but not to move the
cursor. To enable or disable Scroll
Lock mode, press Fn + ScrLk key.
Not all application programs
support this function.
5 Power on Green: This indicator stays lighted
whenever the computer is on. If
the power-on indicator is on and
the standby indicator is off, the
system is ready to use. If both the
power-on indicator and the standby
indicator are on, you can use the
computer after it returns from the
standby mode and the standby
indicator goes off.
6 Battery Green: The battery is fully charged.
Blinking green:
The battery has enough power to
operate, but is being charged.
Orange: The battery power is low. The
battery needs to be charged.
Blinking orange:
The battery needs to be charged
when the indicator starts blinking
orange, the computer beeps three
times.
7 Standby Green: The computer is in standby mode.
status Blinking green:
The computer is entering standby
mode or hibernation mode, or is
resuming normal operation. This
indicator does not blink in Windows
2000, Windows Me, and Windows
XP.
8 Ultrabay Green: An Ultrabay 2000 device is
status installed and in use.
Blinking green:
An Ultrabay 2000 device is in the
process of being detached.
Turn off: An Ultrabay 2000 device is ready
to be attached or detached.
Note: If you are using Windows 2000 or
Windows XP, the Ultrabay status indicator
does not blink while an Ultrabay 2000 device
is being detached. Instead, a message box
pops up when the process is completed; then
the indicator turns off.
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22 and T23 series 45
52. Product overview
FRU Tests
The following table shows the test for each FRU.
FRU Applicable test
System board 1. Diagnostics --> CPU/Coprocessor
2. Diagnostics --> Systemboard
Power Diagnostics --> Other Devices --> IBM AC
Adapter, IBM Battery 1 (IBM Battery 2)
LCD unit 1. Diagnostics --> Video Adapter
2. Interactive Tests --> Video
Modem 1. Make sure the modem is set up correctly.
2. Replace the modem jack and the modem
card in turn, and run the following test in
Diagnostics --> Communication:
a. Lucent Modem (M2) Loopback
b. Lucent Modem (M2) Dialtone/DTM
c. Lucent Soft Modem Loopback (T23
only)
d. Lucent Soft Modem Dialtone (T23 only)
e. Intel Modem Register
f. Intel Modem Loopback/DTMF
g. Intel SP Modem Register
h. Intel SP Modem Loopback/DTMF
i. 3Com MiniPCI Modem Test
j. 3Com MiniPCI Dialtone Test
Audio 1. Interactive Tests --> Internal Speaker
2. Diagnostics --> Other Devices --> Crystal
SoundFusion™ Test
Speaker Interactive Tests --> Internal Speaker
PC Card slots Diagnostics --> Systemboard --> PCMCIA,
PCMCIA External Loop
Keyboard 1. Diagnostics --> Systemboard -->
Keyboard
2. Interactive Tests --> Keyboard
TrackPoint or If the TrackPoint does not work, check the
pointing device configuration in the ThinkPad Configuration
program. If the TrackPoint is disabled, select
Enable to enable it.
After you use the TrackPoint, the pointer may
drift on the screen for a short time. This drift
can occur when a slight, steady pressure is
applied to the TrackPoint pointer. This symptom
is not a hardware problem. If the pointer stops
after a short time, no service action is
necessary.
If enabling the TrackPoint does not correct the
problem, continue with the following:
v Interactive Tests --> Mouse
Hard-disk drive Diagnostics --> Fixed Disks
(continued)
46 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
53. Product overview
FRU Applicable test
Diskette drive 1. Diagnostics --> Diskette Drives
2. Interactive Tests --> Diskette
CD-ROM, DVD, 1. Diagnostics --> Other Devices -->
CD-RW or CD-ROM/DVD
CD-RW/DVD 2. Interactive Tests --> CD-ROM/DVD Test
combo drive
Memory 1. If two DIMMs are installed, remove one of
them and run Diagnostics --> Memory
Test - Quick.
2. If the problem does not recur, return the
DIMM to its place, remove the other one,
and run the test again.
3. If the test does not detect the error, run
Diagnostics --> Memory Test - Full.
Fan 1. Turn on the computer and check the air
turbulence at the louver near the power
switch.
2. Run Diagnostics --> Other Devices -->
IBM Fan.
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22 and T23 series 47
54. Product overview
Fn key combinations
The following table shows the function of each combination
of Fn with a function key.
Key Description
combination
Fn+F1 Reserved.
Fn+F2 Reserved.
Fn+F3 Turn off the LCD display, leaving the screen
blank. To turn the LCD display on again, press
any key or the TrackPoint stick.
Note: To use Fn+F3 for screen blank in
Windows 2000 and Windows XP, you must have
IBM PM device driver installed on your
computer.
Fn+F4 Turn standby mode on. To return to normal
operation, press the Fn key independently,
without pressing a function key.
Fn+F5 Reserved.
Fn+F6 Reserved.
Fn+F7 Switch between the LCD and an external
monitor (CRT). If an external monitor is
attached, computer output is displayed in the
following three patterns by turns:
v CRT display
v LCD+CRT display
v LCD
Fn+F8 Turn screen expansion on or off. (There is no
symbol on the key.)
Note: This function is not supported in Windows
2000 and Windows XP.
Fn+F9 Reserved.
Fn+F10 Reserved.
Fn+F11 Reserved.
Fn+F12 Turn hibernation mode on. To return to normal
operation, press the power button for less than
four seconds.
Note: To use Fn+F12 for hibernation in
Windows 2000 and Windows XP, you must have
IBM PM device driver installed on your
computer.
Fn+PgUp Turn the ThinkLight on or off.
Fn+Home The LCD becomes brighter.
Fn+End The LCD becomes less bright.
48 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
55. Symptom-to-FRU index
Symptom-to-FRU index
The symptom-to-FRU index in this section lists symptoms
and errors and their possible causes. The most likely
cause is listed first, in boldface type.
Note: Do the FRU replacement or other actions in the
sequence shown in the column headed “FRU or
action, in sequence.” If replacing a FRU does not
solve the problem, put the original part back in the
computer. Do not replace a nondefective FRU.
This index can also help you determine, during regular
servicing, what FRUs are likely to need to be replaced
next.
A numeric error is displayed for each error detected in
POST or system operation. In the displays, n can be any
number.
If no numeric code is displayed, check the narrative
descriptions of symptoms. If the symptom is not described
there, go to “Intermittent problems” on page 55.
Note
For an IBM device not supported by diagnostic
codes in the ThinkPad notebook computers, see the
manual for that device.
Numeric error codes
Symptom or error FRU or action, in sequence
0175 System board.
Bad CRC1, stop POST
task—The EEPROM checksum
is not correct.
0187 System board.
EAIA data access error—The
access to EEPROM is failed.
0188 System board.
Invalid RFID serialization
information area or bad
CRC2—The EEPROM
checksum is not correct.
0189 System board.
Invalid RFID configuration
information area—The
EEPROM checksum is not
correct.
0190 1. Charge the battery pack.
Critical low-battery error 2. Battery pack.
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22 and T23 series 49
56. Symptom-to-FRU index
Symptom or error FRU or action, in sequence
0193 Enter the supervisor
RF antenna has been removed password.
0194 Enter the supervisor
The computer has been carried password.
through a security gate
0195 1. Enter IBM BIOS Setup
Security hardware tamper Utility by entering
detected supervisor password, and
select “Password” -->
“IBM Security Chip” -->
“Clear IBM Security Chip”
to clear this error.
2. Security chip.
3. System board.
0196 1. Enter IBM BIOS Setup
Security hardware removed Utility by entering
supervisor password, and
select “Password” -->
“IBM Security Chip” -->
“Clear IBM Security Chip”
to clear this error.
2. Security chip.
3. System board.
0197 The remote configuration for
Invalid remote change the security chip has failed.
requested Confirm the operation and try
again.
01C9 1. Remove the Ethernet
More than one Ethernet devices device that you installed;
are found. Remove one of or press Esc to ignore the
them. Press <Esc> to continue. warning message.
2. System board.
0200 1. Reseat the hard-disk
Hard disk error—The hard disk drive.
is not working. 2. Load Setup Defaults in IBM
BIOS Setup Utility.
3. Hard-disk drive.
4. System board.
021x Run interactive tests of the
Keyboard error keyboard and the auxiliary
input device.
0220 Load Setup Defaults in IBM
Monitor type error—Monitor BIOS Setup Utility.
type does not match the one
specified in CMOS.
0230 System board.
Shadow RAM error—Shadow
RAM fails at offset nnnn.
0231 1. DIMM.
System RAM error—System 2. System board.
RAM fails at offset nnnn.
50 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
