Task One - History of Photography
1000 AD - Pinhole Camera
The pinhole camera was created by Alhazen in 1000AD and the pinhole camera is also known as the Camera Obscura. The pinhole camera is just in the shape of a box which people also called the "dark chamber". The camera also had a small hole in one of it's sides which used the little bit of light, coming through the hole, to create an image of whatever is on the opposite side of the box, outside.
1600's
In the 1600's the Pinhole camera, the Camera Obscura, was improved by having the hole enlarged and, also, inserting a telescope lens, this improved the pinhole cameras, Camera Obscura's, brightness and clarity.
The pinhole camera was created by Alhazen in 1000AD and the pinhole camera is also known as the Camera Obscura. The pinhole camera is just in the shape of a box which people also called the "dark chamber". The camera also had a small hole in one of it's sides which used the little bit of light, coming through the hole, to create an image of whatever is on the opposite side of the box, outside.
1600's
In the 1600's the Pinhole camera, the Camera Obscura, was improved by having the hole enlarged and, also, inserting a telescope lens, this improved the pinhole cameras, Camera Obscura's, brightness and clarity.
1664 - 1666
White light is discovered to be made up of many other different colours, into a spectrum, by Isaac Newton.
White light is discovered to be made up of many other different colours, into a spectrum, by Isaac Newton.
1700's
In the 1700's the Pinhole Camera, also known as the Camera Obscura, became frequently used by photographers and so, therefore, was also made portable later on, when it became more popular.
In the 1700's the Pinhole Camera, also known as the Camera Obscura, became frequently used by photographers and so, therefore, was also made portable later on, when it became more popular.
1727 - The First Photosensitive Compound
The first photosensitive compound first came about in 1727 when Professor J Schulze mixed together chalk, nitirc acid and silver.
The first photosensitive compound first came about in 1727 when Professor J Schulze mixed together chalk, nitirc acid and silver.
1800 - Thomas wedgwood
By putting some opaque objects on a piece of leather, that silver nitrate has been put on, Thomas Wedgwood created things called "Sun Pictures". The Sun Pictures, however, faded when put under a strong light.
By putting some opaque objects on a piece of leather, that silver nitrate has been put on, Thomas Wedgwood created things called "Sun Pictures". The Sun Pictures, however, faded when put under a strong light.
1826 - The First Photograph
The First photograph was created in the year of 1827 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce using a Pinhole Camera, the camera obscura. The pinhole camera had only ever been used to look through and draw images from but Joseph Nicephore Niepce took the first ever photograph with it. He created this photograph by engraving a metal plate that was covered in a substance called bitumen and this worked because where he had engraved, which were the darker areas, it had blocked out light and when exposed to light it creted an image after it had been put into another substance. The First Photograph took up a lot of time as it needed 8 hours to work which is why there is light and shade on both sides of the image.
The First photograph was created in the year of 1827 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce using a Pinhole Camera, the camera obscura. The pinhole camera had only ever been used to look through and draw images from but Joseph Nicephore Niepce took the first ever photograph with it. He created this photograph by engraving a metal plate that was covered in a substance called bitumen and this worked because where he had engraved, which were the darker areas, it had blocked out light and when exposed to light it creted an image after it had been put into another substance. The First Photograph took up a lot of time as it needed 8 hours to work which is why there is light and shade on both sides of the image.
1829 - The Birth of Modern Photography
In 1829 a man called Louis Daguerre partnered up with Joseph Nicephore Niepce because Louis had created the practical process of photography and he had partnered up with Joseph because they thought that they could both improve the process that Joseph had created, The First photograph and improve how he did it, and put both of their qualities, in photography, together.
Then in 1839, after Joseph's death, and after all their hard work and experiments Louis Daguerre created a more simpler photography process and he called it "the daguerreotype" after himself. This new process of photography worked by using a sheet of silver-plated copper that had been polished and covered in iodine, this then made the sheet of silver-plated copper sensitive towards light, the plate would then be put into a camera and exposed to light, this only took a few minutes rather than 8 hours like the pinhole camera, after this time the plate would then be soaked in silver chloride, this would then create an image that wouldn't change when exposed to any amount of light.
In 1829 a man called Louis Daguerre partnered up with Joseph Nicephore Niepce because Louis had created the practical process of photography and he had partnered up with Joseph because they thought that they could both improve the process that Joseph had created, The First photograph and improve how he did it, and put both of their qualities, in photography, together.
Then in 1839, after Joseph's death, and after all their hard work and experiments Louis Daguerre created a more simpler photography process and he called it "the daguerreotype" after himself. This new process of photography worked by using a sheet of silver-plated copper that had been polished and covered in iodine, this then made the sheet of silver-plated copper sensitive towards light, the plate would then be put into a camera and exposed to light, this only took a few minutes rather than 8 hours like the pinhole camera, after this time the plate would then be soaked in silver chloride, this would then create an image that wouldn't change when exposed to any amount of light.
1841 - Negative to Positive Process
Negative to Positive Process' were created by Henry Fox Talbot who was a botanist and a mathematician and also knew Louis Daguerre. Negative to Positive Process' were plenty of positive prints which then created a negative print.
To do this Negative to Positive Process you would need to expose paper, which was covered in silver salt solution, to light this would then make the background go black and the main part of the photograph, the subject, would then show in shades of grey, this was known as the Negative image. Henry Fox Talbot would take this dark image and reverse the light and dark areas of the image which then made the image look detailed, like the image to the left, he then named this process "calotype" which was Greek for a beautiful picture after he had got the process right.
Negative to Positive Process' were created by Henry Fox Talbot who was a botanist and a mathematician and also knew Louis Daguerre. Negative to Positive Process' were plenty of positive prints which then created a negative print.
To do this Negative to Positive Process you would need to expose paper, which was covered in silver salt solution, to light this would then make the background go black and the main part of the photograph, the subject, would then show in shades of grey, this was known as the Negative image. Henry Fox Talbot would take this dark image and reverse the light and dark areas of the image which then made the image look detailed, like the image to the left, he then named this process "calotype" which was Greek for a beautiful picture after he had got the process right.
1856 - Tintypes
Tintypes were created by a man named Hamilton Smith in 1856. Tintypes was just a sheet of iron that worked as a base to provide some material, that was sensitive to light, with light to create a positive image of the persons subject.
Tintypes were created by a man named Hamilton Smith in 1856. Tintypes was just a sheet of iron that worked as a base to provide some material, that was sensitive to light, with light to create a positive image of the persons subject.
1851 - Wet Plate Negatives
Wet Plate Negatives were created by a man named Frederick Scoff Archer, who was an English sculptor, in 1851. He created Wet Plate Negatives by covering glass with collodion solution and silver salts, which were sensitive to light, because he used glass it was a lot more effective than using paper because it created a lot more deatiled image on glass.
After Frederick Scoff Archer had created this technique photography become more popular, however the glass plates would not be available to everyone and so many people would have to carry around darkrooms.
Wet Plate Negatives were created by a man named Frederick Scoff Archer, who was an English sculptor, in 1851. He created Wet Plate Negatives by covering glass with collodion solution and silver salts, which were sensitive to light, because he used glass it was a lot more effective than using paper because it created a lot more deatiled image on glass.
After Frederick Scoff Archer had created this technique photography become more popular, however the glass plates would not be available to everyone and so many people would have to carry around darkrooms.
1860 - Portraits
Portraits is a movement in photography which includes taking a picture of a person or an animal. This was introduced in 1860 where a portrait of Abraham Lincoln was taken by Matthew Brady. t was a difficult process back in the 1800's as the person would need to sit there for a long period of time and so, therefore the pictures came out as out of focus but then they had a metal pole held at the back of them to keep them still. This was a long process because they had to wait for the exposure to catch up because of the plates and film they were using.
Portraits is a movement in photography which includes taking a picture of a person or an animal. This was introduced in 1860 where a portrait of Abraham Lincoln was taken by Matthew Brady. t was a difficult process back in the 1800's as the person would need to sit there for a long period of time and so, therefore the pictures came out as out of focus but then they had a metal pole held at the back of them to keep them still. This was a long process because they had to wait for the exposure to catch up because of the plates and film they were using.
1877 - Shutter
To catch things in movement Eadward Muybridge invented a fast shutter that helped photographers in capturing the objects as they are moving, in 1877.
To catch things in movement Eadward Muybridge invented a fast shutter that helped photographers in capturing the objects as they are moving, in 1877.
1881 - Repeating Camera
In 1881 a repeating camera is invented by Etienne-Jules Marey. It was a camera that could record multiple photographs onto one plate. This became popular not long after it was invented.
In 1881 a repeating camera is invented by Etienne-Jules Marey. It was a camera that could record multiple photographs onto one plate. This became popular not long after it was invented.
1885 - Pictorialism
Another movement of photography is Pictorialism which came around in 1885. Pictorialism is where the photographer will make the original image look like a painting, a piece of artwork. This was because photography wasn't really about properly and so, therefore, they made the photographs look like paintings rather than a photograph. Alfred Stieglitz was the first person to take a photograph and keep it as a photograph, not making it look like a piece of art. Many photographers have used, and are still using pictorialism, for example like Gertrude Käsebier and Henry Peach Robinson.
Another movement of photography is Pictorialism which came around in 1885. Pictorialism is where the photographer will make the original image look like a painting, a piece of artwork. This was because photography wasn't really about properly and so, therefore, they made the photographs look like paintings rather than a photograph. Alfred Stieglitz was the first person to take a photograph and keep it as a photograph, not making it look like a piece of art. Many photographers have used, and are still using pictorialism, for example like Gertrude Käsebier and Henry Peach Robinson.
1887 - Transparent Flexible Film
Transparent flexible film was created in 1887 by a minister named Hannibal Goodwin. His method for creating the transparent flexible film was taken by the Eastman company, who took the credit, and so, therefore, Hannibal Goodwin sood them for millions of dollars over the next 3-4 years.
Transparent flexible film was created in 1887 by a minister named Hannibal Goodwin. His method for creating the transparent flexible film was taken by the Eastman company, who took the credit, and so, therefore, Hannibal Goodwin sood them for millions of dollars over the next 3-4 years.
1888 - Roll-Holder Breast Camera
In 1888 the "Roll-Holder Breast Camera was invented and introduced to the public by the Eastman Company. The "Roll-Holder Breast Camera" was also known as the Kodak camera which was also easier to use than Eastman's previous camera, the "Detective Camera", it was also more popular with their customers.
In 1888 the "Roll-Holder Breast Camera was invented and introduced to the public by the Eastman Company. The "Roll-Holder Breast Camera" was also known as the Kodak camera which was also easier to use than Eastman's previous camera, the "Detective Camera", it was also more popular with their customers.
1895 - X-Ray Photographs
X-Ray photographs were invented in Germany in 1895 by Auguste Lumiere and Louis Lumiere. This photograph could show things inside the body, for example like bones.
X-Ray photographs were invented in Germany in 1895 by Auguste Lumiere and Louis Lumiere. This photograph could show things inside the body, for example like bones.
1906 - Photostat
Photostat was invented in 1906. Photostat was a method which involved enlarging or reducing the size of a photograph and was introduced to the public not long after.
Photostat was invented in 1906. Photostat was a method which involved enlarging or reducing the size of a photograph and was introduced to the public not long after.
1921 - Surrealism
Surrealism was brought up in 1921 by a photographer named Man Ray. He introduced the surrealism movement of photography to the public which has become more popular over the years. Surrealism is a movement which makes something ordinary and more like reality into something fantasy like and not something that you would see in reality, for example ghosts and flying.
Surrealism was brought up in 1921 by a photographer named Man Ray. He introduced the surrealism movement of photography to the public which has become more popular over the years. Surrealism is a movement which makes something ordinary and more like reality into something fantasy like and not something that you would see in reality, for example ghosts and flying.
1931 - Stroboscope
The stroboscope was invented in 1931 by a man named Harold Edgerton. The stroboscope was a timed flash that would capture movements. The photographer would set a time for when they wanted the flash to go off.
The stroboscope was invented in 1931 by a man named Harold Edgerton. The stroboscope was a timed flash that would capture movements. The photographer would set a time for when they wanted the flash to go off.
1937 - Electron Photography
"Electron Photography" was invented in 1937 by Chester Carlson. Electron Photography was also known as xerography but we know it simply as photocopying.
"Electron Photography" was invented in 1937 by Chester Carlson. Electron Photography was also known as xerography but we know it simply as photocopying.
Colour Photographs - 1940
In 1940 colour photographs were invented. This became very popular and everyone wanted to see pictures in colour because they had always seen them in black and white. Everyone wanted to try this out for themselves and so, therefore, became popular in an instant.
In 1940 colour photographs were invented. This became very popular and everyone wanted to see pictures in colour because they had always seen them in black and white. Everyone wanted to try this out for themselves and so, therefore, became popular in an instant.
1947 - Polaroid Camera
The Polaroid camera was invented and introduced in 1947, it was invented by a man named Edwin Land. The Polaroid camera could develop a photograph in just under a minute from taking.
The Polaroid camera was invented and introduced in 1947, it was invented by a man named Edwin Land. The Polaroid camera could develop a photograph in just under a minute from taking.
1986 - Quicksnap
The Quicksnap was invented and introduced by Fuji in 1986. The Quicksnap was a disposable camera which could be sent to Fuji to have the photographs developed from the film.
The Quicksnap was invented and introduced by Fuji in 1986. The Quicksnap was a disposable camera which could be sent to Fuji to have the photographs developed from the film.
1992 - Photo CD
The Photo CD was introduced to the public, by Kodak, in 1992. The photo CD was a method of saving an viewing digital images. This became popular around the same time it was introduced as it was easy to carry round and, also, easy to use. It also provided a better option to store a photographers photos rather than having them piling up at home or business.
The Photo CD was introduced to the public, by Kodak, in 1992. The photo CD was a method of saving an viewing digital images. This became popular around the same time it was introduced as it was easy to carry round and, also, easy to use. It also provided a better option to store a photographers photos rather than having them piling up at home or business.
1999 - DSLR
In 1999 Nikon brought out the Nikon D1 SLR camera and introduced it to the public where it became popular with in weeks.
In 1999 Nikon brought out the Nikon D1 SLR camera and introduced it to the public where it became popular with in weeks.
2000 - Camera Phone
In 2000 the first camera phone was invented and brought out in Japan by Sharp and was known as the J-Phone.
In 2000 the first camera phone was invented and brought out in Japan by Sharp and was known as the J-Phone.
2011 - Smartphones
In 2011 smartphones were brought out all around the world and became the most used device for taking photographs.
In 2011 smartphones were brought out all around the world and became the most used device for taking photographs.
2012 - Wireless Cameras
In 2012 cameras that did not need to be connected to a computer through a wire came out, by Kodak. You did not have to connect the camera through a wire to share or upload the photographs to a device and so, therefore, everyone wanted one because it was so easy to use.
In 2012 cameras that did not need to be connected to a computer through a wire came out, by Kodak. You did not have to connect the camera through a wire to share or upload the photographs to a device and so, therefore, everyone wanted one because it was so easy to use.